read more ) lead to systemic inflammation, widespread endothelial dysfunction, cardiac microvascular dysfunction, and, ultimately, molecular changes in the heart that cause increased myocardial fibrosis and ventricular stiffening. Symptoms develop slowly and in advanced stages include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, dysgeusia. read more, chronic kidney disease Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is long-standing, progressive deterioration of renal function. Early symptoms are related to hyperglycemia and include polydipsia. read more, diabetes Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees of peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia. Hypertension with no known cause (primary formerly, essential. read more, hypertension Hypertension Hypertension is sustained elevation of resting systolic blood pressure (≥ 130 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (≥ 80 mm Hg), or both. Complications include cardiovascular disorders (particularly in people with excess abdominal fat). Current data suggest that multiple comorbidities (eg, obesity Obesity Obesity is excess body weight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m 2. It is now known that HFpEF is a complex, heterogenous, multiorgan, systemic syndrome, often with multiple concomitant pathophysiologies. Estimates vary, but about 50% of patients with heart failure have HFpEF the prevalence increases with age and in patients with diabetes. LV filling and function may also be impaired if marked increases in RV pressure shift the interventricular septum to the left.ĭiastolic dysfunction has increasingly been recognized as a cause of HF. read more ), and amyloid infiltration of the myocardium. Causes include a congenital bicuspid valve, idiopathic. read more, significant aortic stenosis Aortic Stenosis Aortic stenosis (AS) is narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta during systole. read more, other disorders with ventricular hypertrophy (eg, hypertension Hypertension Hypertension is sustained elevation of resting systolic blood pressure (≥ 130 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (≥ 80 mm Hg), or both. Diastolic dysfunction predominates in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a congenital or acquired disorder characterized by marked ventricular hypertrophy with diastolic dysfunction (eg, due to valvular aortic stenosis, coarctation. Resistance to filling increases with age, reflecting both cardiomyocyte dysfunction and cardiomyocyte loss, and increased interstitial collagen deposition thus, diastolic dysfunction is particularly common among older adults. Acute myocardial ischemia is also a cause of diastolic dysfunction. Pericarditis may be caused by many disorders (eg, infection, myocardial infarction, trauma. read more, or constrictive pericarditis Constrictive pericarditis Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation in the pericardial space. Most often, valvular stenosis or insufficiency. Diastolic dysfunction usually results from impaired ventricular relaxation (an active process), increased ventricular stiffness, valvular disease Overview of Cardiac Valvular Disorders Any heart valve can become stenotic or insufficient (also termed regurgitant or incompetent), causing hemodynamic changes long before symptoms.
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